section 161(4)

INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Failure to comply with an order of prohibition is an indictable offense or an offense punishable on summary conviction.

SECTION WORDING

161(4) Every person who is bound by an order of prohibition and who does not comply with the order is guilty of (a) an indictable offence and is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years; or (b) an offence punishable on summary conviction.

EXPLANATION

Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada is a provision that relates to individuals who have been subjected to a prohibition order. A prohibition order is a legal document that prohibits an individual from engaging in certain activities that are deemed unlawful or potentially harmful to themselves or others. This order is usually imposed by a court or other authority figure as a means of protecting the public or specific individuals. According to section 161(4), any person who is bound by a prohibition order and fails to comply with it is committing a criminal offence. If the offence is found to be indictable, the person may be sentenced to imprisonment for a term that does not exceed two years. On the other hand, if the offence is deemed to fall under the category of summary conviction, it can result in lesser penalties. The purpose of this provision in the Criminal Code is to ensure that individuals who are subject to a prohibition order take the order seriously and comply with it. Failure to comply with such an order can result in serious consequences, including imprisonment or fines. By providing a clear guideline on the penalties for non-compliance, section 161(4) seeks to deter individuals from violating the order and to preserve public safety. Overall, section 161(4) is an important aspect of the Criminal Code of Canada that reinforces the notion of legal accountability and the importance of respecting legal obligations. It serves as a means of ensuring that individuals who are meant to be restrained by a prohibition order do not engage in activities that may result in harm to themselves or others.

COMMENTARY

Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada deals with the non-compliance of orders of prohibition. This section makes it clear that an order of prohibition given by the court is binding and must be obeyed. Any person who fails to comply with such an order is guilty of an offence, which may be either an indictable offence or an offence punishable on summary conviction, depending on the case. The punishment for this offence is imprisonment for up to two years. An order of prohibition is a court order that forbids a person from doing a specific act or engaging in a specific behaviour. It is usually given to individuals who pose a threat to public safety or the safety of others, or who have a history of criminal behaviour. The aim of such an order is to protect society from harm or potential harm, and to prevent the individual in question from committing further offences. Examples of orders of prohibition include restraining orders, driving bans, and firearm possession bans. The importance of compliance with an order of prohibition cannot be overstated. Failing to comply with such an order can have serious consequences, not only for the individual concerned but for society as a whole. It undermines the authority of the court, makes a mockery of the justice system, and puts innocent people at risk. Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada recognizes the importance of ensuring that orders of prohibition are taken seriously and obeyed. It imposes harsh penalties on those who fail to comply with such orders, in order to deter others from doing the same. The fact that the offence of non-compliance with an order of prohibition can be either indictable or summary in nature highlights the seriousness of this offence. Indictable offences are more serious offences that require a trial by judge and jury, and carry longer prison sentences than summary offences. A person who is charged with an indictable offence has the right to a preliminary hearing, where the Crown must present evidence to the court to establish that there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial. Summary offences, on the other hand, are less serious and can be dealt with by a judge alone, without a jury. They carry shorter sentences and are generally less complex than indictable offences. In conclusion, Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada is an important provision that recognizes the importance of complying with orders of prohibition. It sends a clear message that such orders are binding and must be obeyed, and that failure to comply with them can have serious consequences. The order of prohibition is a powerful tool in the fight against crime and it is essential that it is respected and enforced if it is to be effective in safeguarding society.

STRATEGY

Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada is a provision that prohibits individuals from engaging in certain activities and imposes penalties for non-compliance. When dealing with this section, there are several strategic considerations that may be employed to avoid non-compliance and potential liability. Some of these strategies include: 1. Understanding the Scope of the Prohibition Order To avoid potential non-compliance with a prohibition order, it is important to have a clear understanding of its scope. This means reviewing the terms and conditions of the order carefully and seeking legal advice if necessary. Individuals should also ensure that they do not engage in any activities that are prohibited by the order, even if they believe that such activities may be permissible. 2. Maintaining Accurate Records When dealing with a prohibition order, it is important to keep accurate records of all relevant activities. This includes keeping records of any communications or interactions with the parties involved, as well as any steps taken to comply with the order. By maintaining accurate records, individuals can demonstrate that they have taken all necessary steps to comply with the order and avoid liability. 3. Seeking Extension or Modification of the Order If an individual finds that they are unable to comply with the terms of the prohibition order, they may consider seeking an extension or modification of the order. This may involve engaging with the court or the relevant authorities to explain the reasons for non-compliance or to request changes to the order. By doing so, individuals may be able to avoid liability or reduce the severity of the penalties imposed. 4. Seeking Legal Advice Finally, when dealing with a prohibition order under section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada, it is advisable to seek legal advice. An experienced lawyer can help individuals navigate the complexities of the law and can provide guidance on the best strategies to minimize liability and avoid non-compliance. In conclusion, Section 161(4) of the Criminal Code of Canada imposes penalties for individuals who do not comply with an order of prohibition. To avoid potential liability, individuals should take steps to understand the scope of the order, maintain accurate records, seek extension or modification of the order where necessary and seek legal advice. By employing these strategies, individuals can minimize their risk of running afoul of this provision of the Criminal Code and avoid the severe penalties that come with non-compliance.